A New Introduction to Islam by Daniel W. Brown

Author:Daniel W. Brown
Language: eng
Format: epub
Published: 2017-02-10T00:00:00+00:00

Some Important Heresies

Among the most important of the seventy-two ways of getting it wrong were the following:

The Muʿtazilites. Known as the People of Justice and Unity, and condemned as “Zoroastrians of the community” by their critics, the Muʿtazilites dominated ʿAbbasid court circles under the caliphs Maʾmūn and Muʿtaṣim. Their doctrine has been encapsulated in a handy summary, the five points of Muʿtazilism: Unity (tawḥīd). God's oneness is absolute. Nothing else, including God's attributes or God's speech, the Qurʾan, is eternal, and God does not resemble his creation in any way.

Justice (ʿadl). God is obligated to act justly, giving out rewards and punishments in strict accordance with each person's performance.

“The promise and the threat.” When God makes a promise, or issues a threat, he is bound to carry through with it.

The intermediate position. A grave sinner (fāsiq) can be considered neither a believer nor an unbeliever.

Commanding the right and forbidding the wrong. It is a duty to oppose injustice (e.g., rebel against an evil ruler) if one has the ability.

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